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Compare Svalbard (2005) - Jan Mayen (2001)

Compare Svalbard (2005) z Jan Mayen (2001)

 Svalbard (2005)Jan Mayen (2001)
 SvalbardJan Mayen
Age structure 0-14 years: NA


15-64 years: NA


65 years and over: NA
-
Airports 4 (2004 est.) 1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
-
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 2


under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
total:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Area total: 62,049 sq km


land: 62,049 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)
total:
373 sq km

land:
373 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than West Virginia slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Background First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory. This desolate, mountainous island was named after a Dutch whaling captain who indisputably discovered it in 1614 (earlier claims are inconclusive). Visited only occasionally by seal hunters and trappers over the following centuries, the island came under Norwegian sovereignty in 1929. The long dormant Beerenberg volcano resumed activity in 1970; it is the northernmost active volcano on earth.
Birth rate NA births/1,000 population -
Budget revenues: $11.5 million


expenditures: $11.5 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1998 est.)
-
Capital Longyearbyen -
Climate arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog
Coastline 3,587 km 124.1 km
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)
conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Jan Mayen
Death rate NA deaths/1,000 population -
Dependency status territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was awarded to Norway territory of Norway; administered from Oslo through a governor (sysselmann) resident in Longyearbyen (Svalbard); however, authority has been delegated to a station commander of the Norwegian Defense Communication Service
Disputes - international despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone none
Economic aid - recipient $8.2 million from Norway (1998) -
Economy - overview Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some hunting of seal, reindeer, and fox. Jan Mayen is a volcanic island with no exploitable natural resources. Economic activity is limited to providing services for employees of Norway's radio and meteorological stations located on the island.
Elevation extremes lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m
lowest point:
Norwegian Sea 0 m

highest point:
Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg 2,277 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Ethnic groups Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998) -
Exchange rates Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 6.7408 (2004), 7.0802 (2003), 7.9838 (2002), 8.9917 (2001), 8.8018 (2000) -
Executive branch chief of state: King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991)


head of government: Governor Odd Olsen INGERO (since 8 June 2001) and Assistant Governor Rune Baard HANSEN (since NA)


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice
-
Exports $NA -
Flag description the flag of Norway is used the flag of Norway is used
GDP - real growth rate NA% -
Geographic coordinates 78 00 N, 20 00 E 71 00 N, 8 00 W
Geography - note northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area barren volcanic island with some moss and grass
Highways total: NA km


paved: NA km


unpaved: NA km
-
Imports $NA -
Independence none (territory of Norway) -
Infant mortality rate total: NA


male: NA


female: NA
-
International organization participation none -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 13 (Jan Mayen and Svalbard) (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 0 sq km (1993)
Labor force NA -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (2001)
arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100%
Languages Norwegian, Russian -
Legal system NA the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply
Life expectancy at birth total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years
-
Literacy NA -
Location Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea, northeast of Iceland
Map references Arctic Region Arctic Region
Maritime claims territorial sea: 4 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia
contiguous zone:
10 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
4 NM
Military - note demilitarized by treaty on 9 February 1920 defense is the responsibility of Norway
National holiday NA -
Natural hazards ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic dominated by the volcano Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg; volcanic activity resumed in 1970
Natural resources coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish none
Net migration rate NA migrant(s)/1,000 population -
Population 2,701 (July 2005 est.) no indigenous inhabitants

note:
there are personnel who operate the Long Range Navigation (Loran-C) base and the weather and coastal services radio station (July 2001 est.)
Population growth rate -0.02% (2005 est.) -
Ports and harbors Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998) AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA

note:
there is one radio and meteorological station (1998)
Sex ratio NA% -
Telephone system general assessment: probably adequate


domestic: local telephone service


international: country code - 47-790; satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)
-
Telephones - main lines in use NA -
Telephones - mobile cellular NA -
Television broadcast stations NA -
Terrain wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers
Total fertility rate NA children born/woman -
Waterways - none
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